Abbreviations

A.B.

 Bachelor of Arts (Latin Artium Baccalaureus); Army Base

A.C.T.

 Australian Capital Territory

A.F.B.

 Air Force Base

A.F.S.

 Air Force Station

A.M.

 Master of Arts (Latin Artium Magister)

A.S.

 Air Station

A.S.S.R.

 Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

abbrev.

 abbreviation

AC

 alternating current

Ac

 actinium

acct.

 accounting

ACP

 African, Caribbean, and Pacific (Lome IV) convention

act.

 actor, actress

AD

 in the year of our Lord (Latin anno Domini )

ADB

 Asian Development Bank

adj.gen.

 adjutant general

adm.

 admiral

admin.

 administration, administrative

adv.

 advertising

Aeg.S.

 Aegean Sea

aero.

 aeronautics, aeronautical

Af.

 Africa, African

Afg.

 Afghanistan, Afghani

AG

 Limited-liability Company (German Aktiengesellschaft)

Ag

 silver (Latin argentum)

agri.

 agriculture, agriculturist, agricultural

AH

 in the year of the hijrah (hegira), or Muslim era (Latin anno Hegirae)

AIDS

 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Al

 aluminum, aluminium

Ala.

 Alabama

Alb.

 Albania, Albanian

Alg.

 Algeria, Algerian

Alsk.

 Alaska, Alaskan

Alta.

 Alberta

AM

 amplitude modulation

AM

 before noon (Latin ante meridiem)

Am.

 American

Am.Sam.

 American Samoa

Amer.

 American

anat.

 anatomy

anc.

 ancient

And.

 Andorra, Andorran

And.Is.

 Andaman Islands

Ang.

 Angola, Angolese

Ant.

 Antigua, Antiguan

Ant.B.

 Antigua and Barbuda

Antarc.

 Antarctica

anthol.

 anthology, anthologist

anthro.

 anthropology, anthropologist, anthropological

APEC

 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Council

Ar

 argon

Arab.

 Arabia, Arabic, Arabian

arch.

 architecture, architect, architectural

archae.

 archaeology, archaeologist, archaeological

archbp.

 archbishop

archip.

 archipelago

Arct.

 Arctic

Arg.

 Argentina, Argentine

arith.

 arithmetic

Ariz.

 Arizona

Ark.

 Arkansas

Arm.

 Armenia, Armenian

Arpt.

 Airport

arrond.

 arrondissement

art.

 artist

As

 arsenic

As.

 Asia, Asiatic, Asian

Assoc.

 Association

astrol.

 astrology, astrologer

astron.

 astronomy, astronomer, astronomical

astrophys.

 astrophysics, astrophysicist, astrophysical

At

 astatine

Atl.O.

 Atlantic Ocean

Au

 gold (Latin aurum)

au.

 author

Aug.

 August

Aus.

 Austria, Austrian

Austl.

 Australia

Austr.

 Australia, Australian

aut.area

 autonomous area

Av.

 Avenida (Spanish)

Ave.

 Avenue

avg.

 average

Azer.

 Azerbaijan

B

b.

 born

B.A.

 Bachelor of Arts

B.C.

 British Columbia

B.Ed.

 Bachelor of Education

B.S., B.Sc.

 Bachelor of Science

B

 boron

Ba

 barium

Babyl.

 Babylonia, Babylonian

bac.

 bacteriology, bacteriologist

Bah.

 The Bahamas, Bahamian

Bahr.

 Bahrain, Bahrainian

Bal.Is.

 Balearic Islands

Bangl., Bangla.

 Bangladesh, Bangladeshi

Barb.

 Barbados, Barbadian

bart.

 baronet

Bav.

 Bavaria, Bavarian

BC

 before Christ

BCE

 before the Common Era, or Christian era

Be

 beryllium

Beds.

 Bedfordshire

Bela.

 Belarus

Belg.

 Belgium, Belgian

Ber.

 Bermuda, Bermudan

Berks.

 Berkshire

bev.

 beverage

Bfld.

 Battlefield

Bge.

 Bridge

Bhut.

 Bhutan, Bhutanese, Bhutani

Bi

 bismuth

bibl.

 biblical

biblio.

 bibliography, bibliographer

biochem.

 biochemistry, biochemist

biog.

 biography, biographer

biogeog.

 biogeography

biol.

 biology, biologist, biological

Bk

 berkelium

bldg.

 building

Bldg.

 Building

Bldgs.

 Buildings

Blvd.

 Boulevard

Bohem.

 Bohemia, Bohemian

Bol.

 Bolivia, Bolivian

boro.

 borough

Bos.-Her.

 Bosnia and Hercegovina

bot.

 botany, botanist, botanical

Bots.

 Botswana (country and people)

BP

 before the present

bp.

 bishop

Br

 bromine

Br.

 Britain, British

Braz.

 Brazil, Brazilian

brig.gen.

 brigadier general

Brit.

 British

Brun.

 Brunei

Bucks.

 Buckinghamshire

Bulg.

 Bulgaria, Bulgarian

Bur.

 Burma, Burmese

Burk.

 Burkina Faso

Buru.

 Burundi, Burundian

bus.

 business

Byz.

 Byzantium, Byzantine

C

C

 carbon; Celsius

C.

 Cape

c.

 about, approximately (Latin circa )

C.A.R.

 Central African Republic

C.Am.

 Central America

C.d'I.

 C⌠te d'Ivoire

C.I.

 C⌠te d'Ivoire

c.i.f.

 cost, insurance, and freight

C.R.

 Costa Rica, Costa Rican

C.Rica

 Costa Rica

C.Verde

 Cape Verde

Ca

 calcium

CACM

 Central American Common Market

Calif.

 California

Camb.

 Cambodia, Cambodian

Cambs.

 Cambridgeshire

Camer.

 Cameroon, Cameroons

Can.

 Canada, Canadian

Can.Is.

 Canary Islands

card.

 cardinal

Carib.

 Caribbean

caric.

 caricature, caricaturist

Caricom

 Caribbean Community and Common Market

cartog.

 cartography, cartographer

Cath.

 Catholicism, Catholic

cath.

 cathedral

Cauc.

 Caucasia, Caucasus

Cay.Is.

 Cayman Islands

Cb

 columbium

Cd

 cadmium

CE

 Christian Era, Common Era

Ce

 cerium

Celt.

 Celtic

Cent.

 Central

cent.

 century

Cent.Af.Rep.

 Central African Republic

Cf

 californium

cf.

 compare (Latin confer)

CFA

 Communaute Fin-ere Africaine

CFP

 Comptoirs Franτaises du Pacifique

cg

 centigram(s)

chan.

 channel

Chan.Is.

 Channel Islands

chem.

 chemistry, chemist, chemical

Ches.

 Cheshire

Chil.

 Chilean

Chin.

 Chinese

chron.

 chronology

Cia.

 Company (Italian Compagnia; Portuguese Companhia; Spanish Compa±ia)

Cie.

 Company (French Compagnie)

CIS

 Commonwealth of Independent States

Cl

 chlorine

class.

 classification, classical

cler.

 clergyman

Cleve.

 Cleveland (English county)

climat.

 climatological, climatologist, climatology

CM

 Council of Ministers

Cm

 curium

cm

 centimetre(s)

CMSA

 consolidated metropolitan statistical area

Co

 cobalt

Co.

 Company, County

co.

 company, county

Col.

 Colonel

col(s).

 column(s)

coll.

 college; collector, collection

Colo.

 Colorado

Colom.

 Colombia, Colombian

com.

 commerce, commercial; commission; committee; commune

Com.

 Comoros

comdr.

 commander

comdt.

 commandant

commo.

 commodore

commu.

 communications

commun.

 communications

comp.

 composer

comp.sci.

 computer science

Con.B.

 Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville), Congolese

Con.K.

 Congo, Democratic Republic of (Kinshasa), Congolese

Conn.

 Connecticut

const.

 construction

Cord.

 Cordillera

Corn.

 Cornwall

Corp.

 Corporation

cos

 cosine

cot

 cotangent

CPI

 consumer price index

Cr

 chromium

crit.

 critic, criticism

Cro.

 Croatia

crystall.

 crystallography, crystallographer

CS

 Council of State

Cs

 cesium

csc

 cosecant

Cu

 copper (Latin cuprum)

CUSA

 Customs Union of Southern Africa

Cyp.

 Cyprus, Cypriot

Cz.Rep.

 Czech Republic

Czech.

 Czechoslovakia

D

d.

 died

DC

 direct current

D.C.

 District of Columbia

D.F.

 Federal District (Spanish Distrito Federal)

D.Litt.

 Doctor of Letters (Latin Doctor Litterarum)

Dan.

 Danish

Dec.

 December

Del.

 Delaware

Dem., dem.

 democratic

Den.

 Denmark

Dept.

 Department

dept.

 department, dΘpartement, departamento

Derby.

 Derbyshire

dermatol.

 dermatology, dermatologist

dial.

 dialect

dict.

 dictionary

dipl.

 diplomat, diplomacy

dir.

 director

dist.

 district

div.

 division

Djib.

 Djibouti

Dom.

 Dominica

dom.

 dominion

Dom.Rep.

 Dominican Republic

Dr., dr.

 doctor; drive

dram.

 dramatist

Drav.

 Dravidian

Du.

 Dutch

Dy

 dysprosium

E

E.

 East, Eastern

E.Af.

 East Africa

e.g.

 for example (Latin exempli gratia)

E.Ger.

 East Germany

E.Susx.

 East Sussex

Ec.

 Ecuador, Ecuadorian

EC

 European Communities

eccl.

 ecclesiastical, ecclesiast

econ.

 economics, economist

ECOWAS

 Economic Community of West African States

Ecua.

 Ecuador

Ed.

 Britannica editor, or editors

ed.

 edited; edition; editor

eds.

 editors

educ.

 education, educator

EEC

 European Economic Community

Egy.

 Egypt, Egyptian

El Sal.

 El Salvador

El Salv.

 El Salvador

elec.

 electricity, electric, electrical, electronics

embryol.

 embryology

emp.

 empire, emperor, empress

encyc.

 encyclopedia

Eng.

 England; English

engin.

 engineering, engineer

engr.

 engraving, engraver

entom.

 entomology, entomologist

Eq.Guin.

 Equatorial Guinea

Equat.Guin.

 Equatorial Guinea

Er

 erbium

Es

 einsteinium

est.

 estimate, estimated; estuary

Est.

 Estonia, Estonian

et al.

 and others (Latin et alli, or aliae)

et seq.

 and following page(s) (Latin et sequens, sequentese, or sequentia)

etc.

 and so forth (Latin et cetera)

Eth.

 Ethiopia, Ethiopian

ethnol.

 ethnology, ethnologist

EU

 The European Union

Eu

 europium

Eur.

 Europe, European

exec.

 executive

expl.

 explorer

Expwy.

 Expressway

F

f.

 father

f.o.b.

 free on board

F

 Fahrenheit; fluorine

Falk.Is.

 Falkland Islands, Falklander

fam.

 family

FAO

 United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization

FC

 Federal Council

Fe

 iron (Latin ferrum)

Feb.

 February

Fed., fed.

 federation, federal

ff.

 and following pages

Fig.

 Figure

Fili.

 Filipino (native of the Philippines)

Fin.

 Finland, Finnish

fin.

 finance

fl.

 flourished (Latin floruit)

Fla.

 Florida

Flem.

 Flemish

FM

 frequency modulation

Fm

 fermium

fol.

 following

Found., found.

 foundation

Fr

 francium

Fr.

 France, French

Fr.Guia.

 French Guiana

Fr.Poly.

 French Polynesia

Ft., ft.

 fort

G

g

 gram(s)

Ga

 gallium

Ga.

 Georgia

Gab.

 Gabon, Gabonese

Gam.

 Gambia, Gambian

Gd

 gadolinium

GCC

 Gulf Cooperation Council

GDP

 gross domestic product

Ge

 germanium

gen.

 general

geneal.

 genealogy, genealogist, genealogical

genet.

 genetics, geneticist

Geo.

 Georgia (country)

geog.

 geography, geographer, geographical

geol.

 geology, geologist, geological

geom.

 geometry

geophys.

 geophysics, geophysical, geophysicist

Ger.

 Germany, German

GG

 Governor-General

Gib.

 Gibraltar

Glos.

 Gloucestershire

GmbH

 Company with Limited Liability (German Gesellschaft mit beschrΣnkter Haftung)

GNP

 gross national product

gov.

 governor

govt.

 government

GPC

 General People's Committee

Gr.

 Greece, Greek

gram.

 grammar, grammarian

Green.

 Greenland

Gren.

 Grenada

Gt.Br.

 Great Britain

Gtr.London

 Greater London

Gtr.Mches.

 Greater Manchester

Guad.

 Guadeloupe

Guat.

 Guatemala, Guatemalan

Guin.

 Guinea, Guinean

Guin.Bis.

 Guinea-Bissau

Guy.

 Guyana, Guyanan

H

H

 hydrogen

h

 hour(s)

h.

 husband

H.K.

 Hong Kong

Ha

 hahnium

Hants.

 Hampshire

Haw.

 Hawaii, Hawaiian

Hbr.

 Harbour

He

 helium

Heb.

 Hebrew

her.

 heraldry

Here.&Worc.

 Hereford and Worcester

Herts.

 Hertfordshire

Hf

 hafnium

Hg

 mercury (Latin hydrargyrum)

hist.

 history, historian, historical

HMS

 His, or Her, Majesty's Ship, or Service

Ho

 holmium

Holl.

 Holland

Hon.

 Honourable

Hond.

 Honduras, Honduran

hort.

 horticulture, horticulturist

Hosp.

 Hospital

hts.

 heights

Humbs.

 Humberside

Hung.

 Hungary, Hungarian

Hwy.

 Highway

I

I

 iodine

I.

 Island

I-ADB

 Inter-American Development Bank

I.E.

 Indo-European

i.e.

 that is (Latin id est)

I.of Man

 Isle of Man

I.of Wight, or I.O.W.

 Isle of Wight

Ia.

 Iowa

IAEA

 International Atomic Energy Agency

ibid.

 in the same place (Latin ibidem)

IBRD

 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

Ice.

 Iceland, Icelandic

ICAO

 International Civil Aviation Organization

ICJ

 International Court of Justice

Ida.

 Idaho

IDA

 International Development Association

IDB

 Islamic Development Bank

IFC

 International Finance Corporation

Ill.

 Illinois

illus.

 illustration

ILO

 International Labour Organization

IMF

 International Monetary Fund

IMO

 International Maritime Organization

In

 indium

Inc.

 Incorporated

incl.

 including

Ind. Res.

 Indian Reservation

Ind.

 Indiana

ind.

 independent

Ind.O.

 Indian Ocean

Indon.

 Indonesia, Indonesian

indus.

 industry, industrialist, industrial

Inst., inst.

 institute, institution

instru.

 instrument

internat.

 international

Intl.

 International

inv.

 inventor

Ir

 iridium

Ire.

 Ireland

Is., is., isl(s).

 island, islands

Isr.

 Israel, Israeli

isth.

 isthmus

It.

 Italy, Italian

ITU

 International Telecommunication Union

J

Jam.

 Jamaica, Jamaican

Jan.

 January

Jor.

 Jordan, Jordanian

journ.

 journal, journalist, journalism

Jr.

 Junior

jur.

 jurist

K

K

 potassium (Latin kalium); Kelvin; K÷chel catalog number

k.

 king

Kamp.

 Kampuchea, Kampuchean

Kan.

 Kansas

Kazakh.

 Kazakhstan

Ken.

 Kenya, Kenyan

KG

 Limited Partnership (German Kommandit Gesellschaft)

kg

 kilogram

king.

 kingdom

Kiri.

 Kiribati

Kitts/N.

 Saint Kitts and Nevis

KK

 Limited-liability Company (Japanese Kabushiki Kaisha)

km

 kilometre(s)

Kor.

 Korea, Korean

Kr

 krypton

Kuw.

 Kuwait, Kuwaiti

Ky.

 Kentucky

Kyrgyz.

 Kyrgyzstan

L

L.

 Lake

l.

 lake; lane

La

 lanthanum

La.

 Louisiana

Lab.

 Labrador, Labradorian

Lancs.

 Lancashire

lang.

 language

LAS

 League of Arab States

Lat.

 Latin

Lat.Am.

 Latin America, Latin American

law.

 lawyer

lb.

 pound(s)

Leb.

 Lebanon, Lebanese

Lee.Is.

 Leeward Islands

leg.

 legend, legendary; legislation

Leic.

 Leicestershire

Les., Leso.

 Lesotho

Lib.

 Liberia, Liberian

libn.

 librarian

Liech.

 Liechtenstein

lieut.

 lieutenant

Lincs.

 Lincolnshire

ling.

 linguistics, linguist

lit.

 literature, literary

Lith.

 Lithuania, Lithuanian

litho.

 lithography, lithographer

LL.B.

 Bachelor of Laws (Latin Legum Baccalaureus)

LL.D.

 Doctor of Laws (Latin Legum Doctor)

log

 logarithm

Lr

 lawrencium

Ltd.

 Limited

Lu

 lutetium

Lucia

 Saint Lucia

Lux., Luxem.

 Luxembourg, Luxembourgian

M

m

 metre(s)

m.

 married

MA

 metropolitan area

M.A.

 Master of Arts

M.D.

 Doctor of Medicine (Latin Medicinae Doctor)

M.Glam.

 Mid Glamorgan

M.S., M.Sc.

 Master of Science

Maced.

 Macedonia, Macedonian

Mad., Madag.

 Madagascar, Madagascan

mag.

 magazine

maj.

 major

Mal., Malay.

 Malaysia, Malaysian

Malag.Rep.

 Malagasy Republic

Mald.

 Maldives, Maldivan

Man.

 Manitoba

manag.

 manager

Marsh.Is.

 Marshall Islands

Mart.

 Martinique, Martinican

Mass.

 Massachusetts

math.

 mathematics, mathematician, mathematical

Maurits.

 Mauritius

mbH

 Limited; with Limited Liability (German mit beschrΣnkter Haftung)

Md.

 Maryland

Me.

 Maine

meas.

 measure, measurement

mech.

 mechanics

med.

 medicine, medical

Medit.

 Mediterranean

Mem.

 Memorial

mer.

 merchant

Mers.

 Merseyside

Mesop.

 Mesopotamia, Mesopotamian

met.

 metallurgy, metallurgist, metallurgical

meteorol.

 meteorology, meteorologist

Mex.

 Mexico, Mexican

mfr.

 manufacture, manufacturer

Mg

 magnesium

mg

 milligram(s)

Mich.

 Michigan

microbiol.

 microbiology, microbiologist

Micron.

 Micronesia

Mil., mil.

 military

min

 minute(s)

min.

 mineral, mining, mineralogist, mineralogical

minis.

 minister

Minn.

 Minnesota

Miss.

 Mississippi

Mlle

 Mademoiselle

mm

 millimetre(s)

Mme

 Madame

Mn

 manganese

Mo

 molybdenum

Mo.

 Missouri

mo.

 month(s)

mod.

 modern

Moldv.

 Moldova

Mon.

 Monaco, Monacan, Monagasque

Mon., mon.

 monument

Mong.

 Mongolia, Mongolian

Mont.

 Montana

Monts.

 Montserrat

Mor.

 Morocco, Moroccan

Moz., Mozam.

 Mozambique, Mozambican

MP

 member of Parliament

Mr.

 Mister

Mrs.

 "Missus''

ms(s).

 manuscript(s)

MSA

 metropolitan statistical area

Mt., Mtn., Mts., mt., mts.

 Mount, mount(s), mountain(s)

Mtania.

 Mauritania

mun.

 municipality

Mus.

 Museum

mus.

 music, musician, musical

MV

 Motor Vessel

Myan.

 Myanmar

myth.

 mythology, mythological

N

N

 nitrogen; north

N.

 North, Northern

n.a.

 not available (in text)

N.Af.

 North Africa

N.Am.

 North America

N.B.

 New Brunswick; Naval Base

N.C.

 North Carolina

N.Cal.

 New Caledonia

N.Dak., or N.D.

 North Dakota

n.e.s.

 not elsewhere specified

N.G.

 New Guinea

N.H.

 New Hampshire

N.Ire.

 Northern Ireland

N.J.

 New Jersey

N.Kor.

 North Korea

N.Mex., or N.M.

 New Mexico

N.S.

 New Style (calendar)

N.S.

 Nova Scotia

N.S.W.

 New South Wales

N.Terr.

 Northern Territory (Australia)

N.W.Terr.

 Northwest Territories (Canada)

N.Y.

 New York

N.Y.C.

 New York City

N.Yorks.

 North Yorkshire

N.Z.

 New Zealand

NA

 National Association

Na

 sodium (Latin natrium)

Nam., Namib.

 Namibia

Nat. Res.

 Nature Reserve

nat.

 naturalist

Natl. Pk.

 National Park

Natl., natl.

 national

naut.

 nautical

nav.

 naval

navig.

 navigator

Nb

 niobium

Nd

 neodymium

NE

 northeast

Ne

 neon

Neb.

 Nebraska

NECMA

 New England county metropolitan area

Neth.

 The Netherlands

Neth.Ant.

 Netherlands Antilles

Nev.

 Nevada

New Cal.

 New Caledonia

news.

 newspaper

Nfd.

 Newfoundland

Ni

 nickel

Nic.

 Nicaragua, Nicaraguan

nick.

 nickname

Nig.

 Nigeria, Nigerian

NMP

 net material product

No

 nobelium

no.

 number

Nor.

 Norway, Norwegian

Norf.

 Norfolk

Northants.

 Northamptonshire

Northum.

 Northumberland

Notts.

 Nottinghamshire

Nov.

 November

Np

 neptunium

NS

 Nuclear Ship

NV

 Limited-liability Company (Dutch Naamloze Vennootschap)

NW

 northwest

O

O

 oxygen

O.S.

 Old Style (calendar)

OAS

 Organization of American States

OAU

 Organization of African Unity

obl.

 oblast

Oct.

 October

OECS

 Organization of Eastern Caribbean States

of.

 officer

offi.

 official

Okla.

 Oklahoma

okr.

 okrug

Ont.

 Ontario

op.

 opus

op.cit.

 in the work cited (Latin opere, or opus, citato)

OPEC

 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Ore.

 Oregon

org(s).

 organization(s)

Os

 osmium

osteol.

 osteology

osteop.

 osteopathology, osteopath

Oxon.

 Oxfordshire

P

p.

 page

P.E.I.

 Prince Edward Island

P.N.G.

 Papua New Guinea

P.R.

 Puerto Rico, Puerto Rican

P

 phosphorus

Pa.

 Pennsylvania

pA

 Limited (Italian per Azioni)

Pa

 protactinium

Pac.O.

 Pacific Ocean

paint.

 painting, painter

Pak.

 Pakistan, Pakistani

Pal.

 Palace

Pal.

 Palestine, Palestinian

paleob.

 paleobotany, paleobotanist

paleog.

 paleogeography

paleon.

 paleontology, paleontologist

Pan.

 Panama, Panamanian

Pap.N.G.

 Papua New Guinea, Papuan

Par., Para.

 Paraguay, Paraguayan

parl.

 parliament

passim to

 references scattered between (or continues for duration of) pages cited

path.

 pathology, pathologist

Pb

 lead (Latin plumbum)

Pd

 palladium

Pen.

 Peninsula

penin.

 peninsula

perf.

 performed; performance

period.

 periodical

Pers.

 Persia, Persian

petrol.

 petrology, petrologist

Ph.D.

 Doctor of Philosophy (Latin Philosophiae Doctor)

pH

 potential of hydrogen (acidity-alkalinity factor)

pharm.

 pharmacy, pharmacist, pharmacology, pharmacologist

Phil.

 Philippines

philan.

 philanthropy, philanthropist

philol.

 philology, philologist

philos.

 philosophy, philosopher

phot.

 photography, photographer

phys.

 physics, physicist

physic.

 physician

physiol.

 physiology, physiologist, physiological

Pk.

 Park; Peak

Pkwy.

 Parkway

pl.

 plural

Pl.

 Place

Plat., plat.

 plateau

PLC

 Public Limited Company

PM

 afternoon (Latin post meridiem)

Pm

 promethium

PMSA

 primary metropolitan statistical area

PNA

 Palestine National Authority

Po

 polonium

Pol.

 Poland

Pol.

 Poland, Polish

pol.

 politics, politician, political

pol.sci.

 political science

Poly.

 Polynesia, Polynesian

pop.

 population

Port.

 Portugal, Portuguese

pos.

 position

poss.

 possession

pp.

 pages

Pr

 praseodymium

pr.

 priest

pr.min.

 prime minister

PRC

 Provisional Ruling Council

preft.

 prefecture

prelim.

 preliminary (census)

pres.

 president

print.

 printing, printer

prof.

 professor

Prot.

 Protectorate; Protestant

Prov. Pk.

 Provincial Park

Prov.

 Province

prov.

 province, provincial

pseud.

 pseudonym, pseudonymous

psychol.

 psychology, psychologist, psychological

Pt

 platinum

Pt.

 Point

pt.

 point

ptg.

 printing

Pu

 plutonium

pub.

 public; publication

pub. admin.

 public administration

publ.

 publisher

PVC

 Polyvinyl Chloride

pvt.

 private

Q

q.

 queen

q.v.

 which see (singular; Latin quod vide)

qq.v.

 which see (plural; Latin quae vide)

Que.

 Quebec, Quebecer, Quebecker

Queen., Queens., or Qld.

 Queensland

R

R

 Rankine

R.

 River

R.I.

 Rhode Island

R.R., r.r.

 railroad

Ra

 radium

Rb

 rubidium

Rd., rd.

 road

Re

 rhenium

rear adm.

 rear admiral

ref.

 reference

reg.

 region

rel.

 religion, religious

rep.

 representative; republic

Res.

 Reservoir; Reservation

res.

 reservoir

reserva.

 reservation

resid.

 residency

rev.

 revised; revision

rev.

 revolution, revolutionary

Rf

 rutherfordium

Rh

 rhodium

riv.

 river

Rn

 radon

Rom.

 Romania

Rom.

 Romania, Romanian

Ru

 ruthenium

Russ.

 Russia, Russian

Rw.

 Rwanda, Rwand

ry.

 railway

S

S

 South; sulfur

s

 second(s)

S., s.

 Saint ( San, Santo, Sant' )

S.

 South, Southern

S.Af.

 South Africa, South African

S.Am.

 South America, South American

S.Aus., S.Austr.

 South Australia

S.C.

 South Carolina

S.Dak., or S.D.

 South Dakota

S.F.S.R.

 Soviet Federated Socialist Republic

S.Glam.

 South Glamorgan

S.Kor.

 South Korea

S.L.

 Sierra Leone

S.S.R.

 Soviet Socialist Republic

S.TomΘ

 Sπo TomΘ and Prφncipe

S.Yorks.

 South Yorkshire

SA

 Limited-liability Company (French SociΘtΘ Anonyme; Italian Societα An≥nima; Portuguese Sociedade An≤nima; Spanish Sociedad An≤nima)

Sam.

 Samoa, Samoan

San Mar.

 San Marino

Sask.

 Saskatchewan

Saud.Ar., Saud.Arab.

 Saudi Arabia, Saudi, Saudi Arabian

Sb

 antimony (Latin stibium)

SC

 State Council

Sc

 scandium

Scand.

 Scandinavia, Scandinavian

schol.

 scholar

sci.

 science, scientist, scientific

Scot.

 Scotland, Scottish

SCSA

 standard consolidated statistical area

sculp.

 sculpture, sculptor

SDR

 Special Drawing Right

SE

 southeast

Se

 selenium

sec

 secant; second(s)

Sen., Seneg.

 Senegal, Senegalese

sen.

 senator

Sept.

 September

Sey., Seych.

 Seychelles

sgt.

 sergeant

Shrops.

 Shropshire

Si

 silicon

Sib.

 Siberia, Siberian

sin

 sine

Sing.

 Singapore, Singaporean

SITC

 Standard International Trade Classification

SLORC

 State Law and Order Restoration Council

Slvk.

 Slovakia

Slvn.

 Slovenia

Sm

 samarium

Sn

 tin (Latin stannum)

soc.

 society, social; socialist

sociol.

 sociology, sociologist, sociological

Sol.Is.

 Solomon Islands

Som.

 Somali, Somalia (Somali Republic), Somalian

Somer.

 Somerset

Sov.

 Soviet

Sp.

 Spain, Spanish

SpA

 Limited-liability Company (Italian Societα per Azioni)

SPC

 South Pacific Commission

spr(s).

 spring(s)

Spr.

 Spring

Sprs.

 Springs

Sq.

 Square

Sr.

 Senior

Sr

 strontium

Sri L.

 Sri Lanka

SS., ss.

 Saints

SS

 Steamship

St. Pk.

 State Park

St., st.

 Saint ( Sankt, Sint); state; street

St.Kitts

 Saint Kitts and Nevis

St.P.&M.

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Sta.

 Saint ( Santa)

Staffs.

 Staffordshire

states.

 statesman

statis.

 statistician, statistics

Ste.

 Saint (French Sainte)

Str., str.

 strait

Strs.

 Straits

Sud.

 Sudan, Sudanese

Suff.

 Suffolk

Sum.

 Sumatra

Sur., Suri.

 Suriname

surg.

 surgery, surgeon

svcs.

 services

SW

 southwest

Swaz.

 Swaziland

Swed.

 Sweden, Swedish

Switz.

 Switzerland

Syr.

 Syria, Syrian

T

Ta

 tantalum

Tai.

 Taiwan, Taiwanese

Tajik.

 Tajikistan

Tan., or Tanz.

 Tanzania, Tanzanian

tan

 tangent

Tanz.

 Tanzania

Tas.

 Tasmania, Tasmanian

Tb

 terbium

Tc

 technetium

Te

 tellurium

teacher tr.

 teacher training

tech.

 technology, technological

Tenn.

 Tennessee

Terr.

 Territory; Terrace

terr.

 territory, territorial

Terrs.

 Territories

Tex.

 Texas

Th

 thorium

Thai.

 Thailand, Thai

thea.

 theatre, theatrical

theol.

 theology, theologian, theological

Ti

 titanium

Tib.

 Tibet, Tibetan

Tl

 thallium

Tm

 thulium

Tpk.

 Turnpike

Tr. and Tob.

 Trinidad and Tobago

Tr.Terr.Pac.Is.

 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

trag.

 tragedy, tragedian

trans.

 translated; translation; translator(s)

transp.

 transportation

trib.

 tributary

trig.

 trigonometry

Trin./Tob.

 Trinidad and Tobago

Trin.

 Trinidad

Tun.

 Tunisia, Tunisian

Tur.

 Turkey, Turkish

Turkm.

 Turkmenistan

Tuv.

 Tuvalu, Tuvaluan

twp.

 township

typog.

 typography

U

U

 uranium

U.A.E.

 United Arab Emirates

U.K.

 United Kingdom

U.S.

 United States

U.S.A.

 United States of America

U.S.S.R.

 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Ugan.

 Uganda, Ugandan

Ukr.

 Ukraine

UN

 United Nations

UNCTAD

 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNICEF

 United Nations Children's Fund

UNIDO

 United Nations Industrial Development Organization

Univ., univ.

 university

UPU

 Universal Postal Union

Uru., Urug.

 Uruguay, Uruguayan

USGPO

 United States Government Printing Office

USS

 United States Ship

Uzbek.

 Uzbekistan

V

V

 vanadium

v.

 versus

Va.

 Virginia

val.

 valley

Van.

 Vanuatu

var.

 variant

Venez.

 Venezuela, Venezuelan

vet.

 veterinarian, veterinary

Vic.

 Victoria

vice adm.

 vice admiral

vice pres.

 vice president

Viet.

 Vietnam, Vietnamese

vil.

 vilayet

Vinc./G.

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Vir.Is.

 Virgin Islands

viz.

 namely (Latin videlicet)

voc.

 vocational

Vol.

 Volcano

vol.

 volume(s)

Vt.

 Vermont

W

W

 west; tungsten (wolfram)

W.

 West, Western

w.

 wife

W.Af.

 West Africa, West African

W.Aus., W.Austr.

 Western Australia

W.Ger.

 West Germany

W.Glam.

 West Glamorgan

W.I.

 West Indies

W.Mids.

 West Midlands

W.Sam., W.Samoa

 Western Samoa, Western Samoan

W.Susx.

 West Sussex

W.Va.

 West Virginia

W.W.

 world war

W.Yorks.

 West Yorkshire

Warw.

 Warwickshire

Wash.

 Washington

WHO

 World Health Organization

Wilts.

 Wiltshire

Wis.

 Wisconsin

WIPO

 World Intellectual Property Organization

WMO

 World Meteorological Organization

writ.

 writer

WTO

 World Trade Organization

Wyo.

 Wyoming

X

Xe

 xenon

Y

Y

 yttrium

Yb

 ytterbium

Yem.

 Yemen, Yemeni

Yugos.

 Yugoslavia, Yugoslavian

Z

Zamb.

 Zambia

Zimb.

 Zimbabwe, Zimbabwean

Zn

 zinc

zool.

 zoology, zoologist, zoological

Zor.

 Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrian

Zr

 zirconium